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中文摘要
本论文首次报告了长春市周边地区奶牛球虫病的流行病学调查情况。通过对该地区不同地点的 10 个奶牛场中的 265 头奶牛采用常规方法进行粪便检查和临 床 症 状 观 察 , 及 对 奶 牛 艾 美 耳 属 球 虫 ( Eimeria spp.)的感染率和感染强度的分析,结果发现:(1)8 个奶牛场球虫阳性,阳性率最高的场为 64.3%,平均感染率为 28.7%;1 岁以下犊牛球虫感染率为44.7%,OPG(即每克粪便中的虫卵数量)值为 3860;1~2 岁青年牛球虫感染率 25.6%,OPG 值 528;2 岁以上成年牛球虫感染率为 14.6%,OPG 值为 200。共检查出 9 种艾美耳属球虫,分别是:1.邱氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria zurnii)(检出率 39.8%),2 牛艾美耳球虫(Eimeria bovis)(检出率 22.1%),3.亚球艾美耳球虫(Eimeria subspherica)(检出率 11.0%),4.椭圆艾美耳球虫(Eimeria ellipsoidalis)(检出率 8.6%),5. 柱状艾美耳球虫(Eimeria cylindriac)(检出率 5.7%),6.皮利他艾美耳球虫(Eimeria pellita)(检出率 2.4%),7.加拿大艾美耳球虫(Eimeria canadensis)(检出率 7.0%),8 阿拉巴艾美耳球虫(Eimeria alabamensis)(检出率为 2.6%),9.拨克朗艾美耳球虫(Eimeria bukidnonensis)(检出率为 0.7%)。(2)调查数据处理结果表明:奶牛的艾美耳属球虫感染存在着年龄和地点性差异,无论是单独感染还是混合感染,犊牛的感染率和感染强度都明显地高于青年牛和成年牛,而且感染率和感染强度高的奶牛其临床上所表现出的腹泻及血便等症状均较感染率和感染强度低的奶牛明显的多。综合性的防治措施是目前控制这两种寄生虫病的最优选择。
关键词: 奶牛;艾美耳球虫;流行病学调查
英文摘要
Epidemiological Investigation on Dairy Cow Coccidiosis a in the Area of Changchun Abstract
The epidemiological investigations of dairy cow Coocidiosis in the area of Changchun were firstly reported in this paper; By using the routing methods of fecal examination and observing the clinical symptoms of 265 dairy cows selected from 10 different cow farms in the suburban districts of Changchun , the infection rate and infection intensity of the Coccidiosis in dairy cows were analyzed respectively.The results showed that: (1) Coccidia present in eight dairy cow farms in which the highest infection rate was 64.3% and the average infection rate was 28.7%;the infection rate of calves(under the age of one year), young dairy cows(1~2years old )and adult dairy cows(over 2 years old)were 44.6%,25.6% and 14.6% respectively, The OPG(Oocysts per gram feces) values of faecal samples from calves ,young dairy cows and adult dairy cows were 3860,528 and 200 respectively. Nine species of Eimeria were identified as follows: 1.Eimeria zurnii(39.8%),2.Eimeria bovis(22.1%),3.Eimeria subspherica(11.0%),4.Eimeria ellipsoidalis(8.6%),5.Eimeria cylindriac(5.7%),6.Eimeria pellita(2.4%),7.Eimeria canadensis(7.0%),8 Eimeria alabamensis(2.6%),9.Eimeria bukidnonensis(0.7%).(2)The investigation outcomes revealed that there were differences in dairy cows infected with Coccidium between ages and areas. The simple or mixed parasitical infections may exist in the dairy cows and both of the infection rate and intensity were evidently higher in the calves than in the other two groups of cows. Those had a higher Coccidium infection rate and intensity also had obviously clinical symptoms such as diarrhea and feces with blood . As a result, comprehensive measures of preventing the above mentioned two kinds of parasitoses should be the first of all choices.
Key words: Dairy cow;Eimeria;Epidemiological Investigation
目录
引言 ……………………………………………………………………………………………1
第一章 牛球虫病综述 ………………………………………………………………………3
1 球虫病概述 ………………………………………………………………………………3
2 牛球虫病概述 ……………………………………………………………………………3
2.1 牛球虫的种类 …………………………………………………………………………4
2.2 牛球虫的特性 …………………………………………………………………………5
2.3 生活史 …………………………………………………………………………………5
2.4 流行病学 ………………………………………………………………………………5
2.5 致病作用 ………………………………………………………………………………5
2.6 临床症状 ………………………………………………………………………………5
2.7 病理变化 ………………………………………………………………………………6
2.8 组织变化 ………………………………………………………………………………6
2.9 诊断 ……………………………………………………………………………………6
2.10 牛球虫病治疗药物的筛选 …………………………………………………………6
3 球虫病的发病原因 …………………………………………………………………………7
4 畜禽球虫病防制的研究进展 ………………………………………………………………7
第二章 试验研究 ………………………………………………………………………………9
1 材料于方法 …………………………………………………………………………………9
1.1 材料 ………………………………………………………………………………………9
1.1.1 主要试验设备及器皿 ………………………………………………………………9
1.1.2 主要试验用品 ………………………………………………………………………9
1.2 方法 ………………………………………………………………………………………9
1.2.1 调研点的选择 ………………………………………………………………………9
1.2.2 粪样的采集与保存 …………………………………………………………………9
1.2.3 粪样的处理 …………………………………………………………………………9
1.2.3.1 饱和蔗糖溶液离心浮聚法 ……………………………………………………9
1.2.3.2 斯陶尔氏稀释虫卵计数法 ……………………………………………………9
1.2.3.3 卵囊的收集与孢子化培养 ……………………………………………………10
1.2.3.4 艾美耳球虫卵囊的形态学观察 ………………………………………………10
1.2.3.5 统计学分析 ……………………………………………………………………10
2 结果 …………………………………………………………………………………………10
2.1 临床观察结果 …………………………………………………………………………10
2.2 奶牛艾美耳球虫感染情况 ……………………………………………………………10
2.3 奶牛艾美耳球虫感染率 ………………………………………………………………10
2.4 奶牛艾美耳球虫感染强度 ……………………………………………………………12
2.5 艾美耳球虫种类及孢子化卵囊形态特征 ……………………………………………13
2.6 奶牛各种艾美耳球虫感染检出率 ……………………………………………………16
3 讨论 …………………………………………………………………………………………17
结论 ……………………………………………………………………………………………18
致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………19
附录 ……………………………………………………………………………………………20
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………21
导师及作者简介 ………………………………………………………………………………24
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